.....SMS is our daily life....

mobile instant messaging and text messaging , on-the-go, efficient and discreet ways to stay in touch with coworkers, clients, friends and family members and help you to manage your life. Instant messaging is sort of a cross between speaking on the telephone and using e-mail. SMS or short silent messaging service is a communication service standardized in the GSM mobile communication system, using standardized communications protoclos allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices.

here are some word that i oftenly used when SMS:

• sth - something
• u - you
• gbu - god bless you
• xoxo - hug and kisses
• tc -take care
• nth - nothing
• owz - always
• 'x' - no or not
  

***Today lecture***

today lecture we learn about the Introduction To Multimedia. As we know the words 'Multi' means many, while 'Media' means a medium to stored, transmitted, presented or perceived an information.

~~RaDio CorPoRaTion AmeRiCa (RCA)~~

One of the largest and most influential electronics companies during the 20th century was the Radio Corporation of America, or RCA. At one time, the breadth of its operations included everything from making vinyl records to building and manufacturing communications satellites.

RCA began life as a joint venture between several different manufacturers of electric equipment. In the early 1900s many companies began manufacturing and selling a new technology called radio. By about 1915 there were several radio stations operating in the U.S, but several of them were foreign owned and nearly all were used exclusively for transmitting Morse Code. When the U.S entered World War I, the federal government seized the foreign stations, and later gave them to the U.S companies General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and United Fruit (an international shipping company). These companies set up a new organization in 1919 to run the stations, and called it the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).

For a time, RCA operated radio stations (still almost entirely used for transmitting Morse Code) and sold radio equipment manufactured by its parent companies. However, many amateur operators were now on the air, and the resulting popularity of radio listening encouraged the parent companies to move in this direction. Westinghouse obtained a license from the U.S government to launch a commercial broadcasting station in 1920 and launched KDKA, the first commercial radio station. By 1926, the success of KDKA led RCA, Westinghouse, and General Electric to create a chain or “network” of radio stations spread across a wide geographic area, all broadcasting content created in central studios in New York. The name of this network was the National Broadcasting Corporation—NBC.

In 1929, RCA purchased photograph manufacturer Victor Talking Machine Company, and renamed its new division RCA-Victor. With Victor’s expertise and facilities, RCA-Victor was able to begin making its own radio receivers (as well as records and phonographs), and quickly became one of the largest consumer electronics manufacturers. While the Great Depression of the 1930s crippled businesses worldwide, RCA-Victor and NBC thrived. NBC became such a big money maker that David Sarnoff, the leader of RCA, moved the headquarters to a huge new skyscraper in New York and created Radio City Music Hall, a large and technologically innovative performance space.

RCA’s major technical accomplishment in the 1930s was the development of the electronic television system that is still used in many parts of the world today (although it may soon be replaced by High Definition Television). Following a ten-year, millions-of-dollars research effort, led by Vladimir Zworykin, TV was demonstrated at the 1939 World’s Fair in New York and briefly sold to the public before it was put aside during World War II.

The huge research effort necessary for television encouraged the company to create a permanent research facility. When World War II came, RCA had a perfect opportunity to do so and opened its new RCA Research Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey and produced many crucial innovations for the war effort. After the war RCA returned its attention to television, designing inexpensive receivers and sponsoring the creation of a new NBC television network to provide programming. RCA’s original television system, as well as the color television system it announced in the 1950s, would eventually prove to be the company’s most profitable line of products.

The period from the 1950s and 1970s saw both high and low points in RCA’s history. Its research laboratories produced innovative technologies in these years and helped advance computers, integrated circuits, lasers, and other devices. It introduced innovative products like the 45-rpm record and the solid-state television camera. Even some of the company’s minor innovations were very successful, such as the “RCA connector jack” found on many types of audio equipment. However, the company was finding it increasingly difficult to sell its traditional line of products. By the 1970s Asian firms had captured almost all of the consumer electronics market (TVs, radios, etc.). Corporate managers found that is was cheaper to sell foreign-made products in the U.S than to make them at home, so by the 1970s most RCA-branded consumer products were made of Asian parts, or were assembled outside the U.S. By the 1970s, virtually the only U.S-made RCA consumer electronics products were color televisions, and eventually these sales were lost, too.

RCA’s difficulties led to continual changes in its leadership, which negatively impacted business and contributed to RCA’s decline. The company’s inability to “follow through,” for example, led to the failure of its innovative videodisc player, the “Selectavision,” which could have become a competitor to the Betamax and VHS videotape systems. But due to poor management, it was brought to the market too late.

By 1986 RCA was so weak that its rival (and former co-owner) GE bought the company and dismantled it, selling off most of its parts, including the RCA name and the consumer electronics business. Today, the RCA name is owned by Thomson, a French company, while the German conglomerate, Bertelsmann, owns the RCA record division. The corporate headquarters was moved to Indianapolis, where RCA had once operated a large manufacturing facility. Today, Thomson manufactures consumer electronics in a variety of countries and sells them under the RCA and GE names.

Sunday: 13 September 2009

today in miss Azura class, we learn about the video production and multimedia networks which is in Chapter 7. Here, this topic consist of a video communication, analog tv srandards, digital tv (DTV) and high-defination tv (HDTV), multimedia standards, video and multimedia prospects. lastly, before miss Azura diamiss us, she remind us about the third assignment which we have to submit it by today..;D..

RAZAKSAT SATELLITE

Malaysia’s innovation pride, the RazakSAT satellite, is all set for a lift-off as scheduled on Tuesday from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

Science, Technology and Innovation Minister Datuk Dr Maximus Ongkili, the ministry’s deputy secretary-general (Policy) Datuk Dr Sharifah Zarah Syed Ahmad and senior officials arrived in Guam today to witness the historical launch via live webcasting, a statement from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Mosti) said today.

It said upon arrival, the minister and his delegates were briefed on the readiness of the launch by Astronautic Technology (M) Sdn Bhd chief executive officer Datuk Dr Ahmad Sabirin Arshad.

The minister was also informed that the satellite and launch vehicle, the Falcon 1, which is operated by United States’s Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), have now been erected on the launch pad at Omelek Island, the launch site for Falcon 1.

The 180kg remote sensing satellite was designed, developed, built and tested locally and it will also be the first remote sensing satellite to orbit the Equator.

Named after Malaysia’s second prime minister Tun Abdul Razak Hussein, it will orbit the Near Equator Orbit (NEqO) at a nominal altitude of 685km.

The orbital location will allow increased frequency in the image observation of the Earth’s surface and environment.

RazakSAT will carry a high resolution camera which can capture images from space for differnt applications such as precision farming, landscape mapping, disaster mitigation, urban and road network planning, which will not only benefit Malaysia but also other countries along the equatorial region.

The images could also be used to study various meteorological phenomena.

According to the statement, prior to this, the launch if the Low Equatorial Orbit (LEO) satellite was delayed due to vibration problems on the launch vehicle.

However it said all issues related to the problem had been rectified with upgrading carried out by SpaceX.

“I am satisfied with the preparations and necessary steps taken by ATSB and SpaceX to ensure a smooth launch. We hope all Malaysians will pray for the successful launch of RazakSAT,” Ongkili said.

During the visit to Guam, Ongkili and his delegation are also scheduled to visit a marine laboratory and marine heritage and oceanography centre at the University of Guam

...MESH TOPOLOGY AND TREE TOPOLOGY...

MESH TOPOLOGY

Mesh Network is a network where all the nodes are connected to each other and is a complete network. In a Mesh Network every node is connected to other nodes on the network through hops. Some are connected through single hops and some may be connected with more than one hope.

While the data is traveling on the Mesh Network it is automatically configured to reach the destination by taking the shortest route which means the least number of hops. Data travels by hopping from one node to another and then reaches the destination node in a Mesh Topology Network.

An example of a Mesh Network is the Mobile Adhoc Network or MANet. The entire Mesh Network is continuously connected. Being completely connected does not mean that Mesh Network is dependant on each and every node of the network. Even if one node fails in the Mesh Network the network finds an alternate route to transfer the data. It is called the self healing technology where it receives data one way or the other.

The Mesh Network is based on a very sensible concept and has lesser chances of a network breakdown. There are so many possible combinations of routes and hops a data transfer can take that it will reach the destination one way or the other. It is highly unlikely that all the nodes in a single Mesh Network will break down at any given point of time.

Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks work based on the radio frequencies and was originally developed by the army to be able to communicate. The reliability factor is high in any kind of Mesh Network. There are three types of wireless Mesh Topologies.

• Fixed Wireless Connections
• Peer to Peer or Adhoc Networks
• Node to Node

Fixed Mesh Networks

The fixed Mesh Networks will work only in the specified location and they are not mobile networks. They are meant to be used in a limited surrounding with boundaries. The location of nodes in affixed Mesh Network is all pre determined and they are not interchangeable.

The fixed Mesh Network does not work on line of sight like the other types of Mesh Networks. The total number of hops in a fixed Mesh Network is usually fixed and also short. There may not be many nodes as this kind of Mesh Networks exist within an office or building. More often than not the data travels ion a specific direction.

Peer to Peer Mobile Networks

In a peer to peer mobile network the individual devices connect to each other using the Mesh Network. The peer does not require connecting to the main node and they can still communicate from one device to another device by taking the shortest possible data transfer route. However many experts believe that in the peer to peer Mesh Networks the problems with scalability in terms of time taken for data transfer is questionable. The device has to know to transmit the dat

a in the most optimal path and the entire data transfer or depends on this single factor. If the device is incapable then the whole purpose of using it in a peer to peer connection is lost.

Node-To-Node Network

A Node-To-Node network is a combination of fixed Mesh Network and the mobile Mesh Network. In the node to node network a network cloud is introduced and all the nodes are configured to use the network cloud to connect to each other. So this feature makes it mobile and also the network is fixed because all the nodes of the same network connect to one single network cloud.

TREE TOPOLOGY

Tree topology is a combination of the bus and the star topology. The

tree like structure allows you to have many servers on the network and you can branch out the network in many ways. This is particularly helpful for colleges, universities and schools so that each of the branches can identify the relevant systems in their own network and yet connect to the big network in some way.

A tree structure suits best when the networks is widely spread and vastly divide into many branches. Like any others topologies, the tree topology has its advantages and disadvantages, A tree network may not suit small networks and it may be a waste of cable to use it for small networks. Tree topology has some limitations and the configuration should suit those limitations.

The tree topology follows a hierarchical pattern where each level is connected to the next higher level in a symmetrical pattern. each level in the hierarchy follows a certain pattern in connecting the nodes. Like the top most level might have only one node or two nodes and the following level in the hierarchy might have few more nodes which work on the point connectivity and the third level also has asymmetrical node to node pattern and each of these levels are connected to the root level in the hierarchy. Think of the tree that branches out in various directions and all these branches need the roots and the tree trunk to survive. A tree structured networks is very similar to this and that is why it is called the tree topology.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES; COAXIAL CABLE, FIBER OPTIC CABLE & TWISTED PAIR

COAXIAL CABLE
- advantages

• sufficient frequency range to support multiple channel, which allows for much greater throughput.
• lower error rates. because the inner conductor is in a Faraday shield, noise immunity is improved, and coax has a lower error rates and therefore slightly better performance than twisted pair.
• greater spacing between amplifiers coax's cable shielding reduces noise and crosstalk, which means amplifiers can be spaced farther apart than with twisted pair.

- disadvantages

• more expensive to install compare to twisted pair cable.
• the thicker the cable, the more difficult to work with.

FIBER OPTIC CABLE
- advantages

• system performance
• greatly increased bandwidth and capacity
• lower signal attenuation (loss)
• immunity to electrical noise
• immune to noise (electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference)
• less restrictive in harsh environments
• overall system economy
  

- disadvantages

• fiber optic component are expensive
  
• fiber optic transmitters and receivers are still relatively expensive compared to electrical interfaces
• the lack of standardization in the industry has also limited the acceptance of fiber optics.

TWISTED PAIR CABLE
- advantages

• using telephone wires are their relative low cost and their availability
• handled a data flow of up to approximately one megabit per second (Mbps) over several hundred feet
• small local area network with a limited number of users, twisted pair is an ideal choice because it is both inexpensive and easy to install.

- disadvantages

• susceptibility to signal distortion errors and the relatively low transmission rates they provide over long distances.
  

UTP & STP

UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP)

Unshielded twisted pair is the most common kind of copper telephone wiring. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other. Each signal on twisted pair requires both wires. Since some telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections, twisted pair is sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a single cable. For some business locations, twisted pair is enclosed in a shield that functions as a ground. This is known as shielded twisted
pair (STP).

SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)

Shielded twisted pair is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or shield is added to the ordinary twisted pair telephone wires; the shield functions as a ground.

Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other. Each signal on twisted pair requires both wires. Since some telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections, twisted pair is sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a single cable. Shielded twisted pair is often used in business installations. The more common kind of wire that is installed to your home is unshielded twisted pair.

```cuti MiD seM```

Happy holiday to UUM citizen....
it's very silence here in UUM now
and all the monkey come out from their place

Silence environment in UUM is very peaceful but
lots of assignment making you under pressure..
hhuuu...good luck to you'll and myself too...

---CCT---

reminder to all friends...we will have a quizs before mid-semester break
so, be prepared to all of you...
wish you all the best and goodluck

e - Commerce

Electronic Commerce, commonly known as (electronic marketing) e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronics funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing,online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the world wide web at least at some point in the transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.

BUSINESS TO BUSINESS (B 2 B)

Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. Contrasting terms are business-to-consumer and business-to-government.

The volume of B2B transactions is much higher than the volume of B2C transactions. The primary reason for this is that in a typical supply chain there will be many B2B transactions involving subcomponent or raw materials, and only one B2C transaction, specifically sale of the finished product to the end customer. For example, an automobile manufacturer makes several B2B transactions such as buying tires, glass for windshields, and rubber hoses for its vehicles. The final transaction, a finished vehicle sold to the consumer, is a single transaction.

COMSUMER TO COMSUMER

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) (or citizen-to-citizen) electronic commerce involves the electronically-facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party. A common example is the online auction, in which a consumer posts an item for sale and other consumers bid to purchase it; the third party generally charges a flat fee or commission. The sites are only intermediaries, just there to match consumers. They do not have to check quality of the products being offered.

BUSINESS TO CONSUMER (B 2 C)

Business-to-consumer (B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services.

An example of a B2C transaction would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer. The transactions that led to the shoes being available for purchase, that is the purchase of the leather, laces, rubber, etc. as well as the sale of the shoe from the shoemaker to the retailer would be considered transactions.

VOIP - VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL

Considered as one of the latest advancements related to the use of computer networks, Voice over Internet Protocol (also known as VoIP) has been a helpful tool in improving digital communication. Other terms that are used by computer users to refer to VOIP are broadband telephony, voice over broadband, IP telephony and Internet telephony. These systems feature session control protocols to manage the calls efficiently. When it comes to encoding the speech as an audio stream and a digital audio, Voice over Internet Protocol uses audio codecs. To know more about VoIP, let us look at the benefits from using the system as well as the challenges faced by VoIP users.

Implementations

What is VOIP? Voice over Internet Protocol (also known as VoIP) refers to a set of technologies used for the delivery or transmission of voice communications through the Internet, packet-switched networks and other IP networks. It is implemented in different ways with the use of both open and proprietary protocols. The different implementations of this system include Skype, H.323 and IMS.

Benefits

The use of Voice over Internet Protocol is very advantageous. The use of this system allows people and corporations to save money because the billing is based on the amount of data transferred through the use of the Internet. Aside from this, VoIP has several interesting and helpful features such as call forwarding, conference calling as well as automatic redial. In addition, this system allows computer users to transfer several calls with the use of different protocols or standards like the Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol. Other services available with this digital communications tool are audio conferencing and video conversation.

Challenges

Before using this system, it is important to know the limitations of Voice over Internet Protocol. One of the challenges or limitations of using the system is that it does not offer Quality of Service guarantees. Aside from these, users can experience congestion of information because data are transmitted in a computer network that commonly implements a fixed bandwidth. To avoid the congestion of data, some companies that use the system employ teletraffic engineering technologies.

To make sure that the use of VoIP will be efficient and fast, it is best to follow protocols that are associated with Physical Layer and Data link Layer such as Quality of Service standards. Aside from these, the other protocols that can be used to ensure efficient transmission of data are SIP RTCP Summary Reports, MGCP extensions as well as H.460.9 Annex B.

The Economics of VoIP

VoIP has become popular largely because of the cost advantages to consumers over traditional telepone networks.

VoIP calls can be placed across the Internet. Most Internet connections are charged using a flat monthly fee structure.

Using the Internet connection for both data traffic and voice calls can allow consumers to get rid of one monthly payment. In addition, VoIP plans do not charge a per-minute fee for long distance.

For International calling, the monetary savings to the consumer from switching to VoIP technology can be enormous.

VoIP Telephones

There are three methods of connecting to a VoIP network:

• Using a VoIP telephone
• Using a "normal" telephone with a VoIP adapter
• Using a computer with speakers and a microphone

Types of VoIP Calls

VoIP telephone calls can be placed either to other VoIP devices, or to normal telephones on the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).

Calls from a VoIP device to a PSTN device are commonly called "PC-to-Phone" calls, even though the VoIP device may not be a PC.

Calls from a VoIP device to another VoIP device are commonly called "PC-to-PC" calls, even though neither device may be a PC.

---Rilek e-services---

eServices with RILEK

eServices is one of the six Malaysia’s Electronic Government Flagship Applications. In conjunction with the said initiative, KOMMS introduces RILEK to provide innovative online solutions and direct system linkages to JPJ, TNB, Telekom and various financial institutions. These provide us an edge in online payment authorization and multiple services integration.

RILEK provides different options for you, either through our user-friendly kiosks located widely, our website at www.rilek.com.my or RILEK Center, within one host; serving the same purpose.

RILEK is the revolutionary way to perform all your Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ), Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TMB) transactions electronically via various delivery channels.

RILEK offers JPJ Driving Licensing services, summons payment and inquiries on Kejara Points. Our services include electronic utility bill payment for TNB and Telekom bills. You can complete all your billing payments and inquiries from anywhere.

FUTURE PLANS

Besides existing collaborations with the above agencies, RILEK envisions expanding our services to other government agencies soon. Plans are being developed for immediate implementations to make a difference to your lifestyle. In the near future, you will be able to utilize the Government Multi Purpose Card (GMPC) and ATM cards to complete your payment transactions.

ELECTRONIC TRANSACTION

Introducing RILEK as the revolutionary way to perform all your e-government services:

Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ)
Polis DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM)
Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TMB)
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)

Rilek e-services provide easy transactions electronically via various delivery channels.

RILEK offers JPJ Driving Licences services, summons payments and inquiries on Kejara points

Rilek e-services include electronic utility bill payment for TNB and Telekom bills.

Go online and experience hands-on the technologically advanced payment method, minus the hassle, queues, and frustrations. You can complete all your billing payments and inquiries in an instant, comfortably from anywhere.

STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY

RILEK represent reliability, simplicity and security. RILEK is equipped with high-end multimedia facilities and system support to accommodate heavy traffic flow. In addition, it is capable of processing information at an efficient and high-speed rate. RILEK promotes a hassle-free and innovative lifestyle that is designed to eliminate queues and frustrations. RILEK combines advanced technology and human proficiency to enhance your lifestyle.

...ABOUT MyEG PORTAL...

MyEG Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application. MyEG role as a Service Provider for the E-Services component essentially provides the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses.

Through MyEG portal, MyEG offer the Malaysian public a single point of contact between the Government and the people it serves. MyEG portal enables Malaysians to dynamically interact with numerous agencies within the Federal, State and the Local Government machinery providing services ranging from information searches to licence applications.

To cater the services which require physical presence/interaction, MyEG has set up E-Service Centres located throughout the country to complement our online presence. We believe that through this dual approach, we can enhance the relationship and quality of interaction between the Government of Malaysia and it’s citizens.

MyEG Services has established the electronic link between the Government and citizens/businesses. This website enables the Malaysian public a single point of contact between the Government and the people it serves. There are a few other services currently being offered at the website.

	PDRM	- Traffic summons checking and payment services
	JPJ	-JPJ ONLINE ROAD TAX RENEWAL
	JPJ	- JPJ summons checking and payment services
	JIM	- Bankruptcy and liquidation status enquiries
	DBKL	- Assessment and compound checking
	CDL Renewal	- License slip renewal service

COMPARISON BETWEEN MICROSOFT WINDOWS AND APPLE MACINTOSH OS

Apple Mac OSX and Microsoft Windows are two of the most widely used desktop operating systems. Apple's Mac OS X is more commonly known as just simply: "OSX" and is developed by Apple Computer for their own line of PCs, often referred to as "Macs." Windows is developed by Microsoft for any PC (including Apple's). Comparison between Apple Mac OSX and Microsoft Windows can be divided in term of software, hardware, security and operating system.

1) SOFTWARE

• Bundled Sofware
  

Software Type	Mac OSX	Windows
Web Browser	Safari	Internet Explorer
Media Player	iTunes / QuickTime	Windows Media Player
Photo Management	iPhoto	Windows Photo Gallery
Movie Production	iMovie	Windows Movie Maker
Development Tools	XCode	None
PDF Viewer	Preview	None
Calendar	iCal	Windows Calendar
DVD Authoring	iDVD	Windows DVD Maker
WYSIWYG Website Authoring	iWeb	None
Chat	iChat	Windows Messenger

• Available Software

Software				Mac OSX	Windows
OpenOffice				yes	yes
Adobe CS3				yes	yes
Microsoft Office				yes	yes
Firefox				yes	yes
3ds Max				no	yes
AutoCAD				no	yes
Maya				yes	yes
Houdini				yes	yes
Logic				yes	no
Final Cut				yes	no
SoftImage XSI				no	yes

2) HARDWARE

• Replacement
  

Macs have limited official hardware support. While external accessories (ie. mice, keyboards) and display hardware (ie. monitors, projectors) have wide support, Macs can only accept a limited range of internal hardware. The Mac OSX cannot be installed on an computer other than those created by Apple. The advantage is that Mac computers tend to have a sleeker design because they do not need to have universal support for exchangeable components.

PCs on the other hand, are manufactured by different companies using different hardware. This has the advantage that any computer part can be replaced with cheap parts. Windows can be installed on most desktop and laptop computers.

A project called Hackintosh, or OSx86, provides support for running the Mac OSX operating system on PC hardware. Although Hackintoshes are not officially supported by Apple, there have been reports of stable Hackintosh systems on both desktops and laptops, but the mac partition must be formated to the FAT32 file system and not NTFS. OSX is also able to run on computers running AMD processors.

• Pricing

It is widely believed that Macs are more expensive than PCs with similar specs, however several price comparisons show this is not the case. You can generally buy a Windows machine at a lower price, however the specifications are not comparable to the lowest priced machine from Apple.

When considering Windows and Mac laptops, there is another item to consider. While the upfront cost of the Mac is higher, the longer term ROI can be slightly higher for a Mac. For example, your typical Windows laptop will last 2-3 years before it becomes noticeably too old. A Mac laptop typically lasts 3-4 years, before it shows similar signs of wear and lack of performance.

When contrasting Apple desktop computers and Windows desktop computers, this does not necessarily apply. Also, current Apple desktop offerings do not compare well with PC desktop offerings, with fewer options, and only two main design styles. All-in-one/small form factor (Mac Mini, iMac) and full desktop workstations (almost server grade, like the Mac Pro).

3) OPERATING SYSTEM
The PC's most popular operating system for end users is Windows. The latest version is Windows Vista, which was preceded by Windows XP. The Mac's most popular operating system is OS X (officially pronounced "oh ess ten", though some people say "oh ess ex"). The latest version is 10.5 (code-named "Leopard"), which followed 10.4 (code-named "Tiger").

4) SECURITY

• Malware

Apple touts this feature as an advantage over (pre-Vista) Windows: "On a Windows PC, software (both good and evil) can change the system without your even knowing about it."

Windows Vista recently started to focus more on security by implementing a stricter user-permission policy, but many users feel that the strict policy is more annoying than useful.

Hence, there is no architectural advantage in security between Mac OSX and Vista concerning this point.

• Viruses
  

Developers often capitalize on Windows' large market share and significant vulnerabilities when creating viruses and other malicious software. Some counts place the number of Windows/MS-DOS viruses at over 50,000. In the past, Microsoft's solution to this problem was insufficient.

Infection of Macs running OS X is extremely rare, and there has never been a large-scale infection of computers running OS X. The latest version of Mac OS X added sandboxing to improve protection against malware and trojans, but it cannot protect against all possible applications users can install.

• Patches

Both Macs and Windows have patches and/or updates provided online by Apple and Microsoft, respectively. Through one simple button-click change in the System Preferences this can be on or off, to differing degrees. Ever since the release of Mac OSX 10.1 on September 25, 2001 as a 'free update' to version 10.0, Macs can download these automatically or the [owner or administrator] user has the option of accepting these downloads or not: "New software is available for your computer. If you're not ready to install now, you can use the Software Update preference to check for updates later." In Windows XP and Vista, the user has the option of turning automatic updates on or off as well.

THE REVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

The history os communication technology divided into 4:
1. Writing Communication Era
2. Printing Communication Era
3. Telecommunication Era
4. Communication Interactive

WRITING COMMUNICATION ERA
During this era, people communicate and interact with each other through voice, sybol and alphabet. The communication through voice happened 200,000 years ago and the weaknesses is, communication through voices are limited for certain distance only. Meaning that, other peoples from other places cannot understand well among each other.
Communication through symbol happened around 30,000 before century and its consist information such as culture, fugitive, and war. Mostly found on the cave wall and there is 3 type of symbol known as Petrographic, Pictogram, and Ideograms. The alphabet being structure to crate a sound of word and used medium such as papyrus and rock to write it.

PRINTING COMMUNICATION ERA
Printing communication era upgraded the way of copying the manuscript. Johannes Guttenberg is the first person who create the printing machine. In this era, people start to produce a text, books, and a copies similar to the original in alarge quantity without any error.

TELECOMMUNICATION ERA
Before telephone and others communication technogy are introduce, people long time ago use smoke and drum sound to delivered their message. Different sound indicate different meaning and smoke are more suitable to use for a long distance communication. This type of communication is used to get help in emergency cases or other meaning.
During telecommunication era, many new communication technology are introduce and invented. The first communication technolgoy is telegraph technology which introduce by Samuel Morse Telegrahp technology using certain codes (dots and lines) known as code morse to sending a news in a long distance.
Next is a telephone which introduce by Alexander Graham Bell helped by Thomas A. Wattson in prepared a tools. While at the same time, Elisha Grey also try to creating a telephone by not using an operator as a middleman to make a phone call.
In 1888, Frederich Hertz found the electromagnetic wave and Guglielmo Marconi make an experiment on wireless telegraphy (radio). After that, in 1895 this experiment was announced successfull after sucessfully sent a message between France and England in 1899.
After wireless telegraphy, the first phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Alva edison it is known as 'tin foil phonograph'.

COMMUNICATION INTERACTIVE ERA
The word photography taken from the Greek word means draw eith light. In 1827, Joseph Neipce took 8 hour to snap a static picture and in 1839 it is first used by Sir John Herschel who is a scientist.
Paul Nipkow from Jerman invented a disc technology to broadcast a picture through wire known as 'Nipkow Disk'. He is the first person who electromechanically searching television system and then John Logie Baird produce a color tube picture after world war II.
The first moving picture being displayed in American cinema on April 23, 1896 at New York. Before that, in 1888 Thomas edison inventor a moving pictures camera known as ; Kinetoscope' and in 1893, Eastman Kodak produce a film for picture production. After that C. Francis Jenkins and Thomas armat inventor a projector film known as a 'vitascope' and again, Edison company produce a projector known as 'projectoscope'
Computer surely been used all around the world in nowadays. In 1617, John Napier inventor a logarithms machine and in 1623, Wilhelm Schickard then invented a calculating clock while Blaise pascal in 1642 invented a pascaline and lastly in 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that used the card hole system.

After discussing about the history of communication technology above, now we come to the role of communication technology in 6 important field. In education field, communication technology such as internet, usernet and desktop video conferencing is very important. This is because, students, teachers or researcher are easier to browse information and sharing information. In the economic field, business can be done or start by online marketing with a low cost and effective communication tools to deal with other people. Other than that, it is also easy to expand the business network by online marketing.

As social interaction, people can use email, newsgroup, and internet messenger to interact each other. So they may share any lattest news conveniently and effectively. In the military field, wireless system and satelite system is very important tools. The broadcasting field, audio and visual digital is important because it is part of the entertaiment for people nowadays not anly for childrens,teenagers and youngersts but also for adults. Finally is online and interactive website such as online news, online books, online television and mores...

The development of ICT in worldwide contribute to the economy growth, provide unlimited information access, and mores....

frenzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 1class, 1 mission...

Here is the brief description about my SCCT1023 class mates...

first is Chan_he is from Johor, he likes yellow colour, his hobby is listen to music and he likes to go to waterfall during his free time.

second is Yaw also known as mr.sleep coz, his hobby is sleep. He is from KL, he likes white and he likes hang out in YAB.

third is Kong. This guy loves black colour, come from KL, his hobby is playing football and his favourite place to hang out is at the YAB cafe.

next is Roselin from Johor. She likes black colour and love to chatting and love to hang out in her friend room.

Ummi is from Kedah, she likes red colour and chatting too and her favourite place to hang out is in Jitra.

Lina is from Sabah same as me. She likes green colour and her hobby is listen to music. She just stay in her room during her free time.

kalai likes black and white. She comes from Sungai Petani Kedah, and she very likes chatting and hang around in Langkawi during her free time.

Ridwuan is a guy from Nigeria very far from malaysia. He likes talking, he likes blue colour and his favourite place to hang out is in KL.

Yana is a very white girl and chubby in the class comes from Sabah. Her hobby is surfing internet, she likes to hang around in Sungai wang and also times square and she likes all kind of colours.

Nadia is from Taiping, Perak. she likes Surfing the internet and purple colour. she likes to hang out in shopping centre.

ZA is from Terengganu. This girl like to chatting, her favourite place to hang out is in shopping centre and her favourite colour is blue.

Next is a girl from kedah who like to read novels. her favourite colour is blue and she just like to stay in her room during her free time.

Nurul like brown colour, she like to hang out at the mall, she is from Indonesia and she loves to chatting.

Loges is a pinky girl coz, she likes pink colour. she is from kelantan, she likes to hang out in Tumpat and her hobby is listen to music.

Yusuf comes from Sungai Buloh, selanggor. this guy like to hang out in KL. his hobby is surfing the internet and he likes red and white colour.

Izahar from Sungai Petani, Kedah. he likes green and yellow colour, he likes to hang out in sea side and his hobby is surfing thr internet too.

Seha is a girl comes from Terengganu. She likes black and white colour, her hobby is chatting and her favourite place to go is in putrajaya.

Next this girl has a unique name Say-are. She likes pink colour same as Loges, her hobby is surfing the internet and she like to hang out at putrajaya. she is from Sepang, selanggor.

Miey is from Perlis. She likes red, white and black colour. her hobby is wall climbing and she likes to hang out in all cafe in Malaysia.

Mit is from Perlis. Mit loves green colour, chatting, and mit also like to hang out in shopping centre.

Lea likes to reading and she is a girl from kuala kangsar. her favourite colour is white and her favourite place to hang out is in food court.

Mimi like to sing and she comes from Ipoh, perak. She likes black colour and she just like hang around in her own hometown.

Hanis is from Penang. she likes reading very much, her favourite place to hang out is at the shopping centre and her favourite colour is purple.

Naqia from Johor. this girl likes reading too same as Hanis and her favourite place to hang out also at the shopping centre. her favourite colour is blue.

Ah Yan comes from Sarawak. she likes purple colour and her hobby is reading novel so, no wonder her favourite place to hang out is at the book shops.

Pei Ching is from Pahang. this girl like to hang out in KL, her favourite colour is blue and her hobby is joging.

Chuah is another pinky girl too coz her favourite colour is pink. She is from Ipoh, Perak. her hobby is swimming and her favourite place to hang out is at the shopping centre.

Sook Peng comes from Kuantan, Pahang. she likes blue colour, she love to hang out at the shopping centre just like Chuah and her hobby is watching television.

next is Mun who is from Selangor. She likes reading, she like to hang out at the shopping centre and her favourite colour is blue.

Fung is from Sarawak same as Ah Yan. Fung hobby is watching television, her favourite colour is purple and she like to hang out at the seaside.

Yen Ping likes pink colour and she is from Pahang. she like to hang out at the shopping centre suitable with her hobby which is shopping.

Ying is from Kedah. This girl favourite colour is purple, her hobby is singging and she likes to hang out at the shopping mall.

next is a guy name Aaron who is from Penang. He likes black colour, love to play football and his favourite place to hang out is at the pub.

Waikee is from Melaka. He like to play badminton, his favourite colour is green and he likes to hang out at cafe.

Angugie comes from Indonesia. He likes blue colour. his hobby is play tennis and his favourte place to hang out is at the cinema.

Simon is a guy who come from Penang. he like to hang out at redbox, his favourite colour is purple and his hobby is playing piano and baking cheese cake.

kathrine from Klang. she likes purple colour, her hobby is playing badminton and she likes to go to shopping mall.

next is Sam who is from Perak. Sam like silver colour, her hobby is listen to music and she like to hang out at cafe.

Fishi comes from Pahang. She likes red colour, her hobby is playing badminton and her favourite place to hang out is at the cafe.

lastly is C-Plus.. his name is like a Dumex product. he is from Pahang, he likes purple, his hobby is play with the computer and his favourite place to hang out is at the shopping centre.

15 JULY 2009 DKG3/9

11am: our SCCT1023 class is start and as usual conducted by our very nice
miss Azura..

Straight to the point...
Topic which has discussed today is Introduction To communication and technology.
What we have been discuss in this topic is the definition of technology and communication.
There are various definition given by he scholars about what is communication?
In my own understanding, communication is an ongoing process which involve sender (input), message, channel, noise and receiver (output).

Now what is the definition of technology?
Technology is a tools, devices,or a machines that can be use for technical performance.
Technology is very important medium in nowadays as transmitter data or connecting people from all around the world.
technology such as computer, internet, and mobile phone enable people to connect and link each other although both of them are different location and time.

The advantages of using technology is:
1. Unlimited information access.
2. Able to connect people from others places.
3. The organization able to expand their business easily with low cost of promotion and
advertising.
4. Symbol of development to the country.
5. work or task can be done in a short time period.

The disadvantages of using technology:
1. High risk of pornography access.
2. Virus causes destroy the important data.
3. Misuse of technology for personal purposes and benefits which causes a bad effect for others
people.
4. Expensive and unaffordable for low income people.
5. Culture dominating to the weaker one (eg: US and Malaysia)

Mind Language

We can talking without talking,
Because He understands my mind language,
If you can hear me now,
You will also be able to understand the stories,
Told between the master using telepathy
I will tell you our story in my mind language.

We grown up now,
I sometimes have the same dream over and over again,
You are always in that dream,
We are on a cliff,
With a sea far below,
The moon shining in the sky,
And i can see an island far away,
I see the waves in the sea,
And i am doing the sword dance,
You are sitting comfortably behind watching me,
I have the same dream,
several times,
Everything is the same,
Even your expression...

I am communicating with you in telepathy,
I am looking for the sound,
For such a sound...
That is not the sound,
This is not the one,
I know he can hear my mind language,
Next time i will tell Him,
I Love You...

Madah Seketika

Yang Telah Tiada

Bulu-bulu berumbai disokong daun,
Terkangkang dahan dibalun,
Menanggislah ia berdarah batin,
Menggeletar pucuk dirakus tangan,
Sang Ulat lari bertempiaran,
Balada Rimba Hijau tidak kelihatan.

Walau ada waktu yang tinggal,
Sedetik itu bagaikan mustahil,
Nama mu Si Botak, nama mu juga Si Gondol,
Bukan rela mu untuk berbogel,
Mereka itu yang jahil!
Mereka itu yang Sial!

Siapa sangka malam meniup sangkakala,
Kunang-kunang menghidupkan suasana,
Mengamit kenangan penghuni rimba,
Namun semuanya gundah gulana,
Senandung tak bernadi,
Burung-burung harapan tercunggap luka.

Bumi hangus terbakar hitam,
Kemusnahan menjalar dahan gelisah,
Bara merobek, mengoyak, meradak zalim,
Luas tanpa sempadan, bulan pitam,
Esok tanpa lusa, mentari berdiam,
Layu dan sayu...